via什么意思、怎么读？单词用法、记忆法、发音音标、反义词同义词辨析、释义

prep. 经由, 经过, 通过【医】 病毒灭活剂【经】 经由(路线), 经由, 透过

◆记忆方法一：
词根词缀记忆法：via n 道路 prve 经过,，vi，via， voy =way， 表示“道路”
◆记忆方法二：
via (考频：2)
prep.经，通过：to go to Beijing via Jinan经由济南去北京

via/by/through/past
记忆：
1. via [ 5vaiE, 5vi:E ] By way/means of prep. 经, 通过, 经由 I will go to Wuhan via Chongqing. 我将通过重庆去武汉。
2. by [ bai ] prep. 在附近, 经, 由, 依据, 按照, 通过 He had finished the work by ten o'clock this morning. 他今上午十点钟以前就已经完成了工作。
3. through [ Wru:] prep. 穿过, 通过, 经由 She succeeded through hard work. 她通过努力获得了成功。
4. past [ pB:st] prep. 经过, 晚于 In the past two weeks he has gone past the post office twenty times. 在过去两周时间里他经过邮政局二十次了。
另类阅读：
The car ran by the statue, across the square and through the bridge to the airport via the 5th Avenue.
轻松一刻
Teacher : Where is Brazil?
Student: On Page 51 of the geography book.




附一、常见词缀词根
一. 常见的前缀
1. 表示否定意义的前缀
1)纯否定前缀 dis-, in-, ig-, il, im, ir, ne-, n-,non-, un-
dishonest, dislike, incapable, inability, ignoble, impossible, immoral, illegal, irregular none, neither, never, nonsense, unable, unemployment
2)表示错误的意义 mis-,
mistake, mislead misspell misunderstand
3)表示反动作的意思 de-, dis-, un-,
defend, decrease, disarm, disconnect, unload, uncover
4)表示相反，相互对立意思 anti-, ant- contra-, counter-, ob-, oc-, of-, op-,
antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contradiction, counterreaction, counterbalance object, oppose, occupy
2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀
1)表示“在……之上”，“向……”a-
aboard, aside
2)表示“周围，环绕，回转”circum-, circu-,
circumstance, circuit
3) 表示“在下，向下”de-,
descend, degrade
4)表示“外部，外”ex-, ec-, es-,
exit, eclipse, expand, export
5)表示“额外”extra-,
extraction （提取）
6)表示“在前面”fore-
forehead, foreground
7)表示“向内，在内，背于”in-, il-, im-, ir-,
inland, invade, inside, import
8)表示“在……间，相互”inter-
international, interaction, internet
9)表示“向内，在内，内侧”intro-,
introduce
10)表示“中，中间”medi-, med-, mid-,
Mediterranean, midposition
11)表示“在上面，在外部，在外”out-,
outline, outside, outward
12)表示“在上面，在外部，向上”over-,
overlook, overhead, overboard
13)表示"向后，在后边，次”post-,
postscript(附言)，
14)表示"在前”在前面”pre-,
prefix, preface, preposition
15)表示“在前，向前”pro-,
progress, proceed,
16)表示“在下面，下”sub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sum-, sup-, sur-, sus-,
subway, submarine, suffix, suppress, supplement
17)表示“在…. . 之上”super-, sur-,
superficial, surface, superstructure
18)表示“移上，转上，在那一边”)trans-,
translate, transform, transoceanic
19)表示“在…. . 下面，下的”under-,
underline, underground, underwater
20)表示“向上，向上面，在上”up-,
upward, uphold, uphill(上坡)
3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀
1)表示“先，故，旧”ex-,
ex-president, ex-husband
2)表示“在前面，先前，前面”fore-,
forward, forecast, foretell(预言)
3)表示“中，中间”mid-, medi-,
midnight, midsummer
4)表示“在后，后”post-
postwar, postpone
5)表示“在前，事先，预先”pre-, pri-,
preheat, prewar, prehistory
6)表示“在前，先，前”pro-,
prologue(序幕)，prophet(预言家)
7)表示“再一次，重新”re-,
retell, rewrite
4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀
1)表示“超越，额外”extra-,
extraordinary,
2)表示“超过，过分”out-,
outdo(超过), outbid(出价过高的人)
3)表示“超过，过度，太”over-，
overeat, overdress, oversleep
4) 表示“低，次，副，亚” sub-, suc-, sur-,
subeditor, subordinate, subtropical(亚热带)
5)表示“超过”super-, sur-
supernatural, superpower, surplus, surpass
6)表示“低劣，低下”under-,
undersize, undergrown, underproduction(生产不足)
5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀
1) 表示“共同，一起”。com-, cop-, con-, cor-, co-
connect, combine, collect, combat, coexist, co-operate
2)表示“同，共，和，类”syn-, syl-,sym-,
symmetry, sympathy, synthesis(合成)
6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀
1)表示“完整，完全”al-
alone, almost,
2) 表示“完全，全”over-
overall, overflow(充满)
7. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀
1)表示“分离，离开”a- ab-, abs-,
away, apart, abstract, abstain
2)表示“离去，处去”de-
depart, decolour,
3)表示“分离，离开”dis-, di-, dif-, divorce, disarm(缴械)
4)表示“离开，分离”ex-, e-, expel, exclude, expatriate(驱出国外)
5)表示“离开，脱离”for- forget, forgive
6)表示“分离，隔离”se separate, seduce, select
8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀
1)表示“通，总，遍”per-, perfect, perform, pervade(浸透)
2)表示“横过，贯通”trans-, transparent, transmit, transport
9. 表示加强意思的前缀a-
arouse, ashamed
10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀
be-, befriend,
en-, enslave, enable, enrich
ad-, ac-, af-, ag-, an-, ap-, ar-, as-, at-, adapt, accord, affix, aggression, arrive, assist, attend, attract, arrange, assign(委派)
11. 表示数量关系的前缀
1)表示“单一”，“一”mon-, mon-, uni-, un-,
monotone(单调)，monopoly, monarch, uniform, unicellular(单细胞)
2)表示“二，两，双” ambi-, bi-, bin- di-, twi-,
ambiguous, amphibian(两栖类) combine bicycle, diode(二级管)，twilight
3)表示“十”deca, deco-, dec- deci-, decade, decimals
4)表示"百，百分之一" centi-, centimeter
5)表示"千，千分之一” kilo-, kilometer
6)表示"许多，复，多数”multi-, mult-, multipmetre (万用表)
7)表示“半，一半” hemi-,semi-,
hemisphere, semiconductor, semitransparent
12. 表示特殊意义的前缀
1)auto-, 表示“自己，独立，自动”automobile, autobiography
2)bene-, 表示“善，福”benefit
3)micro-, 表示“微”microscope
13. 表示术语的前缀
1)aud-, 表示“听，声”audience,
2)bio-, 表示“生命，生物”biography(传记)
3)ge-, 表示“地球，大地”geography
4)phon-, 表示“声，音调”phonograph
5)tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone
　 二. 常见的后缀
1. 名词后缀
(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人
1)-an, -ain, 表示"……地方的人，精通……的人”American, historian,
2)-al, 表示"具有……职务的人" principal,
3)-ant,-ent, 表示"……者” merchant, agent, servant, student,
4)-ar, 表示"……的人” scholar, liar, peddler
6)-arian, 表示"……派别的人， ……主义的人”humanitarian, vegetarian
7)-ary, 表示"从事……的人" secretary, missionary
8)-ant, 表示"具有……职责的人" candidate, graduate
9)-ator, 表示"做……的人" educator, speculator(投机者)
10)-ee, 表示"动作承受者" employee, examinee
11)-eer, 表示"从事于……人" engineer, volunteer
13)-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区，地方的人" banker, observer, Londoner, 14)-ese, 表示" ……国人，…. . 地方的人”Japanese, Cantonese
15)-ess, 表示"阴性人称名词， actress, hostess, manageress
17)-ian, 表示"……地方人，信仰……. 教的人，从事……职业的人”Christian, physician(内科医生)，musician
18)-ic, 表示"……者，……师" mechanic, critic
19)-ist, 表示"从事……研究者，信仰……主义者" pianist, communist, dentist, artist, chemist
20)-ive, 表示"动作者，行为者” native, captive
21)-logist, 表示"……学家，研究者" biologist, geologist(地质学家)
22)-or, 表示"……者" author, doctor, operator,
23)-ster, 表示"做……. 事情的人”youngster, gamester(赌徒)，songster
(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义
1)-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称" courage, storage, marriage
2)-al, a) 表示"事物的动作，过程”refusal, arrival, survival, denial, approval
b) 表示具体的事物manual, signal, editorial, journal
3)-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” endurance, importance, diligence,
difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility, feasibility,
6)-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft, statecraft（治国策）
7)-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
8)-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood, manhood, falsehood
9)-ice, 表示"行为，性质，状态" notice, justice, service
10)-ing, 表示"动作的过程，结果" building, writing, learning
11)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示"行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
12)-ism, 表示"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
13)-ity, 表示"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
14)-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
15)-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
16)-ship, 表示"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
17)-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
18)-ure, 表示"行为，结果" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
(3) 带有场所，地方的含义
1)-age, 表示"住所，地点" village, cottage
2)-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library, granary (谷仓)
3)-ery, ry, 表示"工作场所，饲养所，地点" laundry, nursery, surgery(手术室)
4)-ory, 表示"工作场所，住处" factory, dormitory, laboratory, observatory
(4) 带有学术，科技含义
1)-grapy, 表示"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
2)-ic, ics, 表示"……学……法" logic, mechanics, optics, electronics
3)-ology, 表示"……学……论”biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
4)-nomy, 表示"……学……术" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
5)-ery, 表示"学科，技术" chemistry, cookery, machinery
6)-y, 表示"……学，术，法” photography, philosophy
(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义
1)-age, baggage, tonnage
3)-hood, neighbourhood, womanhood
(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义
1)-ant, ent, solvent, constant
2)- er, boiler, computer, washer, cooker
(7) 表示“细小”的含义
1)-en, chicken, maiden
2)-et, pocket, ticket
3) -ette, cigarette, essayette(短文)
4)-let, booklet
2. 形容词后缀
（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, movable, comfortable, applicable, visible, responsible
2)-al, natural, additional, educational
3)-an, urban, suburban, republican
4)-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent
5)-ar, similar, popular, regular
6)-ary, military, voluntary
7)-ice, ical, politic, systematic, historic, physical,
9)-ing, moving, touching, daring
10)-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish
11)-ive, active, impressive, decisive
12)-ory, satisfactory, compulsory
(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义
1)-ish, boyish, childish
2)-like, manlike, childlike
3)-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
4)-some, troublesome, handsome
5)-y, milky, pasty
(3) 表示“充分的”含义
1)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
2)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
(4) 表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义
1)-en, wooden, golden, woolen
2)-fic, scientific
(5) 表示方向的含义
1)-ern, eastern, western
2)-ward, downward, forward
(6) 表示“数量关系”的含义
1)-teen, thirteen
2)-ty, fifty
3)-th, fourth, fiftieth
(7) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义
1)-an, Roman, European
2)-ese, Chinese,
3)-ish, English, Spanish
(8) 表示“比较程度”的含义
1)-er, greater
2)-ish, reddish, yellowish
3)-est, highest
4)-most, foremost, topmost
(9)其他的含义
-less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless

3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate

4. 副词后缀
1)-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply
2)-ward, -wards, downward, inwards, upward
3)-ways, always, sideways
4)-wise, otherwise, clockwise
三. 常见的词根
1) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做，动作” active, agent, reaction,
2) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取，获” capture, except, concept, capacity
3) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行，让步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度)
4) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” concentrate, eccentric(偏心的)
5) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclude, enclose, include
6) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, record, accord
7) curr， cur, 含义是“跑，动作” current, occur, concurrence(同时发生)
8) dic, dict, 含义是“说，示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict
9) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, document
10) duc, duct含义是“引导，传导” introduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论)
11) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做，创造” factory, effect, profit,
faculty, perfect
12) fend, fens, 含义是“打，击” defence, offence
13) fer, 含义是“搬运，移转” ferry, transfer, defer(迟延)
14) fin, finit, 含义是“终，极” final, finish, confine
15) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex
16) forc, fort, 含义是“力，强度” force, enforce, effort
17) gen, genit, 含义是“生产，发生” generate, generation
18) gram, graph, 含义是“书写，记录” telegram, diagram, photograph
19) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步，阶段” gradually, degree, progress
20) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持，住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit
21) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, inject
23) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选，采集” collect, select, lecture
24) loc, 含义是“场所，位置” location, dislocate(脱位)
25) mand, mend 含义是“命令” command, demand, recommend
26) mind, ment, 含义是“心” mind, remind, mental
27) merc, merch, 含义是“贸易” commerce, merchant
28) meas, mens, meter, metr, 含义是“测量，度量” measure, meter, diameter
29) min, 含义是“小” diminish, minority
30) miss, mit 含义是“派遣，送” mission, dismiss, transmit, missile
31) mob, mot, mov, 含义是“动” movement, motion, mobile, remove
32) nect, nex, 含义是“捆扎” connect, disconnect, annex(合并)
33) not, 含义是“记号，注意” note, denote, annotation(注释)
34) pair, par, 含义是“a)相同，对等b)准备” compare, prepare
35) pend, pens, pond, 含义是“悬挂” depend, independent, expense(支付)
36) phon, 含义是“声音” symphony, telephone, microphone
37) port 含义是“搬运” export, import, deport(输送)
38) prob, proof, prov, 含义是“实验，验证” prove, approve,
39) quer, quest, quir, quis, 含义是“寻找，探问” inquiry, question,
inquisition(调查，追究)
40) rect, right, rig, 含义是“正，直” correct, direct, erect
41) rupt, 含义是“破坏，毁坏” eruption, bankrupt, corruption
42) sci, 含义是“认识，知识” science, conscious
43) scrib, script, 含义是“书写，记录” describe, script
44) sens, sent, 含义是“感觉，情感” sensation, sentiment
45) sembl, simil, 含义是“相似，类似” similar, resemble, assimilate(同化)
46) soci, 含义是“结合，社交” social, association
47) spec, spect, spitc, spis, 含义是“看，视” inspect, spectator, conspicuous,
respect
48) struct, 含义是“建筑，构造” structure, construct, instruct, destruction
49) tect, teg, 含义是“遮蔽，掩盖” detect, protect
50) temp, tens, 含义是“时间，时机” tense, contemporary, temporal
51) tend, tes, tent 含义是“倾向, 伸张” tendency, intension, extend, intend
52) test, 含义是“证明，证实” testify, protest, contest(争论)
53) tract, trail, 含义是“拖拉，吸引” attract, tractor, abstract, contract(收缩)
54) tribut, 含义是“给予” contribution, distribute
55) vac, van, 含义是“空，虚” vacancy, vanity, evacuate(清空)
56) vers, vert, 含义是“旋转，反转” convert, inversion(倒转)， reverse, divert(使转向)
57) vid, vis, vey, view, 含义是“观看，看见” television, visible, evident,
interview, survey
58) viv, vit, 含义是“生，活” vivid, vital, survival,
59) war, ward, 含义是“注意，保护” aware, wary(谨慎)， ward(守护)
60) way, 含义是“路” way, away, subway, always

附二： 不规则动词分类助记：
A---A---A 式
bet 打赌 bet bet
let 让 let let
set 放 set set
upset 难堪，倒 upset upset
spread 传播 spread spread
read 阅读 read read
bid 出价 bid bid
cast 投掷 cast cast
broadcast广播 broadcast broadcast
cut 切割 cut cut
cost 花费 cost cost
hit 打中 hit hit
hurt 伤 hurt hurt
put 放 put put
quit 退出 quit quit
rid 摆脱 rid rid
shut 关闭 shut shut
spit 吐 spit (spat) spit (spat)
split 劈开 split split
thrust 刺 thrust thrust

A---B---B 式
meet 会见 met met
flee 逃跑 fled fled
bleed 流血 bleed bleed
feed 喂食 fed fed
speed 加速 sped sped
lead 领导 led led
deal 处理 dealt dealt
leave 离开 left left
feel 感觉 felt felt
keep 保持 kept kept
sleep 睡觉 slept slept
sweep 扫 swept swept
weep 哭泣 wept wept
swing 摇晃 swung swung
cling 粘 clung clung
sling 投掷 slung slung
sting 叮 stung stung
fling 猛投 flung flung
wring 绞 wrung wrung
stink 发臭味 stunk(stank) stung
hang 吊挂 hung hung
think 想 thought thought
bring 带来 brought brought
fight 打 fought fought
buy 买 bought bought
seek 寻求 sought sought
teach 教 taught taught
catch 抓住 caught caught
find 发现 found found
bind 捆扎 bound bound
wind 缠绕 wound wound
grind 碾 ground ground
bend 弯 bent bent
lend 借给 lent lent
send 送 sent sent
spend 花 spent spent
build 建 built built
dig 挖 dug dug
get 得到 got got
have 有 had had
hear 听到 heard heard
hold 举握 held held
lay 下放 laid laid
pay 付 paid paid
say 说 said said
lose 丢失 lost lost
make 制造 made made
sell 卖 sold sold
tell 讲 told told
shine 照耀 shone shone
shoot 射击 shot shot
sit 坐 sat sat
stand 站 stood stood
understand 理解 understood understood
stick 粘 stuck stuck
strike 打 struck struck

i---a---u
sing 唱 sang sung
ring 响铃 rang rung
sink 沉 sank sunk
swim 游泳 swam swum
drink 喝 drank drunk
spring 弹跳 sprang sprung
begin 开始 began begun
spin 旋转 span spun

A---B---A
come 来 came come
become成为 became become
run 跑 ran run

A---B---C
wake 醒 woke woken
awake 清醒 awoke awoken
speak 说 spoke spoken
steal 偷 stole stolen
freeze 冻结 froze frozen
break 破 broke broken
weave 编织 wove woven
choose 选择 chose chosen
forget 忘 forgot forgotten
bite 咬 bit bitten
hide 藏 hid hidden
ride 骑 rode ridden
drive 驾驶 drove driven
rise 上升 rose risen
arise 出现 arose arisen
stride 跨步走 strode striden
strive 努力 strove striven
thrive 繁荣 throve thriven
write 写 wrote written
wear 穿 wore worn
tear 撕 tore torn
bear 生，忍 bore born
swear 发誓、诅咒 swore sworn
know 知道 knew known
blow 吹 blew blown
grow 种，生长 grew grown
throw 扔 threw thrown
fly 飞 flew flown
draw 画，拉 drew drawn
be 是 was/were been
beat 打 beat beaten
eat 吃 ate eaten
fall 落 fell fallen
forbid 禁止 forbad forbidden
give 给 gave given
see 看见 saw seen
mistake 错 mistook mistaken
take 带去 took taken
shake 摇 shook shaken
go 去 went gone
lie 躺 lay laid
附三：副词为中心的动词短语归类：

1. up
1) 向上
pick up 检起 put up 举起 send up 使上升 rise up 起义 look up 抬起头 hold up 举起 take up 拿起 build up 树立 set up 建立
2) 完成，结束
drink up 喝干 eat up 吃光 burn up 烧光 use up 用光 sum up 总结， break up 结束，分解
3) 离开，消灭
break up 拆开，驱散cut up 切碎 blow up 炸毁 tear up 撕碎 give up 放弃
4) 增加，变强
pick up 振作，加快turn up 开打，开大, 出现 speak up 大声说 speed up 加速 show up 显现 cheer up 振作起来
5). 变好，改善
bring up 抚育 check up 核对 clear up 清理，晴天do up 整理 make up 化装, 和解, 弥补figure up 计算 fix up 修理,整理 take up 从事
6) 关住，锁紧，固定住
shut up 关闭 hold up 延误 keep up 坚持

2. down
1) 向下的位置
hand down传下来 knock down 撞倒 lay down 放下 let down 放下 pour down 倾盆而下 pull down 拉下 set down 放下 step down 走下来 turn down 拆下，拒绝 take down 取下
blow down 吹倒 bring down 打倒 bend down 弯下 bow down 鞠躬 lie down 躺下
2) 减少（强度，量和体积）(a decrease in intensity, amount, bulk)
die down 变弱，逐渐停止go down 平静下来 hold down 压低 slow down 慢下来 burn down 烧掉 wash down 冲淡 clean down 弄干净 rub down 擦干净 bring down 降低
3) 停止，减弱(to a state of less activity, force, strength and power)
close down 关闭 break down 坏了，中止 settle down 平静下来 cool down 冷静下来
turn down 拒绝 lay down 失望 put down 镇压
4) 写下，记下
write down 写下 copy down 抄下 note down 记下 take down 记下 put down 记下 get down 记下 have down 写下
　
3 on
1) 继续
carry on drive on fight on hold on keep on live on sleep on sing on walk on go on
hurry on move on read on follow on struggle on insist on 坚持
2) 连上，固定住
turn on 打开 switch on 打开 put on 穿上 try on 试穿 pull on 穿上 hold on 不挂断 take on 呈现 rely on 依靠 depend on
依靠
3) 向前，向上
pass on 传递 get on 上车 hand on 传送
4) 开始某活动
work on 从事 bring on 引起 get on 取得进展 look on 旁观, 观看call on
拜访 figure on 打算,希望 fix on 决心 get on 进步, 友好相处

4. off
1) 离开(indicating departure)blow off 吹掉 drive off 击退 get off 下车，动身 off 动身 see off 送行 call off 叫走 let off 放出 take off 起飞 give off 发出 carry off 夺走
2) 去掉，断开(indicating removal or disconnection)
cut off 切断 tear off 扯掉 take off 拿走 come off 脱落 fall off 脱落 shake off 抖落 turn off 关掉 take off 脱掉 shut off 关掉 go off 爆炸 break off 中断
3) 完成，停止(indicating completion)
pay off 付清 break off 停止，中断 call off 取消

5. in
1) 进入，向里(into, inside, indoors)
break in 闯入,插嘴breathe in 吸入 burst in 闯入，打断drop in 偶然拜访 get in 插入，收进 knock in 打入 let in 进入，嵌入 move in 迁入 step in 走进 cut in 插嘴 draw in （火车）进站
2) 加入，记入(to be added, or included)
book in 登记 check in 签到 count in 记入 fill in 填入 hand in 交上 take in 吸收

6. out
1) 向外（away from the inside, outside）
keep out 使在外 take out 拿出 put out 放出，伸出come out 长出， bring out拿出 breathe out 呼吸出 eat out 出去吃 get out 弄出 go out 出去 lock out 关在外面 look out 向外看 move out 搬出 point out指出 pour out 诉说 pull out 拉出 stick out伸出 spit out 吐出 knock out 敲出 dine out 外出吃饭 drive out 驾车外出 draw out 拉出 see out 送出门去 draw out 出站 let out 放出, 释放
2) 结束，消失，取消(to or at an end, not to be there or not to exist)
clear out 清除 put out 扑灭 run out 用完 use out 耗尽 give out 耗尽 wipe out 消灭 die out 灭绝 rub out 擦掉 blot out 除去 blow out 吹熄 carry out 完成，执行leave out 省 去 go out 熄灭 come out 出版，开花 cut out 删去，停止hold out 坚持到底 sell out 买完 tire out 筋疲力尽 wear out 磨损
3) 大声（in a loud voice, aloud）
cry out shout out call out 喊，申斥 spell out speak out scream out read out
4) 分发，传开(to a number of people or in all directions)
give out 分发 spread out 传开 set out 出发 hand out 分发 send out 发送 break out 爆发，逃脱 drop out 离开,退出
5) 搞清，弄明白(in or into notice and clearness)
find out 找出 figure out 算出，解决make out 弄清 come out 出版，出现 carry out 完成， bring out 发表，说出

7. over
1) 向下(downwards from an upright position)
knock over 撞倒 turn over 翻转 bend over 伏身 look over 从…上面看
2) 自始至终，通过, 重复(from beginning to end, through, again and again)
look over 调查 think over 考虑 see over 查看 talk over 商量 go over 复习 do over 重复
3) 经过(from one side to the other, across a space or distance)
jump over climb over come over go over swim over pass over walk over move over fly over run over
5) 结束，完成(finished, at an end)
get over 结束，熬过 be over 结束
6) 转变，改变(indicating transference and change)
hand over 移交take over 接管buy over 收买come over 过来get over 战胜，克服win over 争取过来 turn over 变动，交付 make over 移交
7)由于 (because of)
cry over 因…哭laugh over 笑…fuss over 因…着急

8. away
1) 离开(to a distance, to another place)
go away 走开run away 跑开walk away 走开ride away 开走move away 移开take away 拿走carry away 运走clear away 收走draw away 拉走get away 逃走，离开 put away 收起来break away 逃脱come away 离开keep away 不准接近 give away 赠送put away 收起
2) 减少，减弱(indicating loss, lessening, weakening)
burn away 烧尽die away 消失pass away 消失wash away 冲走wipe away 擦掉

附四 以介词为中心的短语
1. at
1). at + 名词 表示处于某种状态，进行
at table 在用餐 at peace处于和平时期 at press在排印 at work在上班 at school在读书 at war在交战 at play在玩耍
2) 动词 +at 表示指向某一目标，达到某地
arrive at 到达 call at访问某地 laugh at嘲笑 look at看着 work at努力于 catch at当场抓住 come at攻击，扑向 fire at向……开火 shoot at向……射击 glare at怒目而视 stare at注视着 knock at敲击 smile at向……微笑 pull at拉扯 drop in at顺便参观某地
3).be + 形容词/过去分词 表示情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某种感情 + at
be angry at 恼怒于 be alarmed at对……警觉 at astonished at因……吃惊 be clever at 对……很灵巧 be delighted at因……而高兴 be disgusted at厌恶 be disappointed at失望 be impatient at对……无耐心 be pleased at对……感到高兴 be surprised at吃惊 be shocked at震惊 be terrified at对……感到恐惧 be quick at对……很机敏 be skilled at对……熟练 be bad at不擅长 be good at 擅长于
4). 其它：
at all根本 at a time一次 at one time曾经 at a distance在一定距离 at a loss不知所措 at any cost不惜代价 at first起初 at hand手头 at most最多 at least至少 at heart内心里 at home在家里 at last最后 at sea航行 at times有时 at will任意 at present目前 at once马上 the the beginning of在……的开始 at the end of在结束 at the sight/sound of一看到/一听到
2. about
1) 动词 + about +sth. 表示论及，着手等
argue about争论 ask about询问 bring about带来 chat about闲聊 care about在意 complain about报怨 go about着手 hear about听说 inquire about打听 know about了解 quarrel about争吵 set about开始 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心
2) be + 形容词 + about sth 表示为……，对……等,后常接表示原因的词
be anxious about 为……着急 be careless about对……不关心 be concerned about关心 be crazy about为……发狂 be mad about为……发疯 be nervous about对……紧张 be excited about为……激动 be particular about对……挑剔 be worried about担心
3. for
answer for为……负责 ask for向……要，索取 call for要求，需要 fight for为……而战，争取 be fit for适合 be good for有益于 leave for奔赴 set out for到 long for渴望 look for寻找 make for到 prepare for为……作准备 be ready for准备好 send for派人去请 thank for因……感谢 wait for等待 work for为……工作，努力
4. of
be afraid of害怕 be capable of能 be careful of小心，当心 be certain of肯定 be sure of 确信 consist of 由……组成 convince sb of使相信 cure sb of治好 hear of 听说 be free of免于 be full of充满 know of了解到 be made of用……做的 remind sb of提醒 rob sb of抢夺 speak of说到 talk of谈到 take care of照顾 think of考虑，想到 be tired of厌倦 warn sb of 告诫 be worthy of 值
5. with
agree with 同意某人意见 be angry with生某人的气 begin with从开始 be burdened with负担 be filled with充满 be busy with忙于 catch up with赶上 keep up with跟上 compare with与相比 be strict with对某人严格 deal with处理，应付 do with处理 fall in love with爱上 be familiar with熟悉 help sb with帮助 with one’s help在……的帮助下 be lined with排满了 provide sb with向……提供 share with与……分享 talk with和……交谈 wrong with有问题
6. from
benefit from受益于 break away from脱离 be far from远离，远远不是 die from死于 hear from收到……的来信 keep/stop/prevent sb from阻止 learn from向……学习，从……了解到 be made from用材料做 separate from与分离
7.into
break into闯入 turn into变成 change into变成 burst into爆发 divide into分成 translate into译成 knock into撞到 run into偶然遇到 be made into做成
附五：以动词为中心的动词短语
1, take in take off take on take over take up
1. take in 接受, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 欺骗 As they didn’t take in what he said, he took all of them in.
2. take off 拿掉, 取消, 脱衣, 起飞 Don’t take your coat off. The plane will take off soon.
3. take on 披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担 With the sun setting, the village takes on a golden look.
4. take over 把. . . 从一地带到另一地, 接收, 接管 Mr. Li has fallen ill, so you have to take over the office work.
5. take up 拿起, 开始从事, 占据, 参加进来 Since he took up Majiang, it has taken up most of his spare time. Worse still, his son has taken it up too.
2， turn to turn off turn on turn up turn down turn out turn over turn into
1. turn to 转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于 If you run into trouble, you may turn to my friend there for help.
2. turn off 关掉 You must turn the light off when you leave.
3. turn on 开启, 依靠 Every design turned on the chief engineer.
4. turn down (被)向下折转, 拒绝, 降低 He turned town the request of turning the radio down a little.
5. turn up 找到, 发现, 出现，调高 When the guests turned up, he turned up the music and they began to dance.
6. turn out 结果是，生产 Everything turned out fine. The factory turned out more cell phones than last year.
7. turn over 打翻, 移交给， 翻身 The bus turned over and destroyed the crops in the field.
8. turn into 进入, (使)变成 What can turn a kind young man into a merciless devil?
另类阅读：
The weather turned out rainy. In order to avoid the car turning over, he turned the light off and turned on the radio. Suddenly, a boy turned up and turned to him for a lift. He was too kind to turn him down. So he opened the door and turned the back seat into a bed for the boy.

3. work at work on work out
1. work at 从事, 致力于, 钻研(克服困难完成任务) You’ll overcome the problem in learning a language if you really work at it.
2. work on 继续工作, 设法说服, 影响, 钻研（努力钻研学问或研制新的技术） The students worked on the texts independently.
3. work out 可以解决, 设计出, 计算出 Have you work out the maths problem yet?
4. let out let in let be let alone let off
1. let out 放掉, 泄露, 放大 The boy let out a cry.
2. let in, 放进, 允许. . . 进入 There is someone at the door. Will you please go and let him in?
3. let be [口]随[它]去 任[它]那样 Let it be! Mother often tells me to let it be.
4. let alone 不管, 不打扰 Let me alone! I’m too busy.
5. let off 放出, 饶恕 I won’t let you off if you make the same mistake again.
6. let down 使失望 I hoped Mr. James would help me, but he let me down.
5. be in be out be out of be over be up be up to
1. be in 在家, 上市季节 Is Mrs. Li in? I want him to go shopping with me. You see, peaches are in these days. They are quite cheap at present.
2. be out 开花, 发行, 熄灭, 不在 The light is out. Mr. Li must be out. As his new book is out, he may be advertising it where flowers are out.
3. be out of 没有, 脱离The wounded are not out of danger yet.
4. be over 结束 The game is over.
5. be up 起床, 时间到了 Time is up. Be up in two minutes!
6. be up to 做，某人的责任 What is he up to these days? It’s up to you to find it out.

6. break down break in break into break off break out break up
1. break down 坏了, 倒塌, 中止, 垮掉, 分解 Bad luck! Our car broke down near a bridge that had just broken down. The meeting had to break down.
2. break in 闯入, 打断 It’s bad manners to break in when they are chatting.
3. break into 破门而入, 侵占 The bank was broken into. Fortunately, nothing was missing as the alarm sounded in time.
4. break up 打碎, 结束, 衰落, 分解,驱散 The police broke up the crowd who were breaking the windows up.
5. break off 中断, 折断, 突然停止, 脱落 The boy fell when the branch broke off.
6. break out 突发, 爆发 Unluckily, the war broke out against all kind hearts.
另类阅读：
After breakfast, the meeting went on but soon broke up/off. A man broke in with the news that the war had broken out. What’s worse, their car broke down on the way back.

7. bring about bring on bring out bring up bring in
1. bring up 教育, 培养 Tom was brought up by his aunt Polly.
2. bring in 挣得, 介绍引进 It’s necessary to bring in modern management.
3. bring back 拿回来, 使回忆起来, 使恢复 The picture brought back our childhood.
4. bring down 打倒, 降低 Can you bring the price down a little?
5. bring about 使发生, 致使 I’m afraid it will bring out some bad influence on the children .
6. bring out 使显示, 出版, 生产, 说出 Can you give me an example to bring out the meaning of this phrase?
7. bring on 引起, 导致, 使发展 I believe the idea will bring our cause on.

Would you like to fetch me some paper? You may take some box with you and then bring them back. What? They have carried out their plan for the price? Try to bring it down, otherwise, we will have no money to bring in the new equipment, which is sure to bring out disadvantages soon. Anyhow, our work must carry on.
8. call at call for call in call off call on call out
1. call for 要求, 提倡 The project calls for our cooperation.
2. call on 号召, 呼吁, 访问（某人） We will call on him during our stay in Beijing.
3. call at 访问（某地）,停靠 I called at the doctor’s just now.
4. call in 召集, 召来, 来访 I’m too busy. Will you call in a doctor, please?
5. call out 大声叫唤 The boy called out, “Stop the thief!”
6. call up 召唤, 使想起, 打电话给 Stay at home until I call you up.
call off n. 叫走, 放弃
7. call by 顺道访问 He came to the school and called by his teacher.
He made a telephone call in a phone booth just now. He said he would call on us at our office and that he had dialed a doctor’s number and called him in. He was right. We called for a doctor at that time.
9. carry out carry on
1. carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行 Through a month’s hard work, he carried out his plan.
2. carry on 继续开展, 坚持 Though he had got a good mark, he still carried on.
10. come about come across come along come by come on come over come to come up
1. come about 发生, 产生 When did the newspaper come about?
2. come across 来到, 偶遇 I was surprised to come across an old friend of mine in Chongqing last week.
3. come along 出现, 发生 If there comes along an opportunity to practice English, do take it!
4. come by 从旁走过, 得到, 取得, 经过 Jobs are hard to come by at present.
5. come on. 突然产生, 跟着来, 上演, 快点,赶快 Come on, boy. The play will come on in no time.
6. come over 过来, 抓住 Come over, boy, Here is an apple for you.
8. come to 达到, 复苏, 想起, 共计 It came to me that the total number came to 3000.
9. come up 走近, 发芽, 被提出,上升, 出现He came up and told me that the potatoes we sowed had come up.
11. cut down cut in cut off cut up
1. cut down 砍倒, 胜过, 削减 Lots of trees have to be cut down to cut down the price of wood.
2. cut in 插嘴, 插入 The boy was too rude to cut in while we were talking.
3. cut off 切断, 断绝 The power was cut off during the hurricane.
4. cut up 切碎, 使丧气, 胡闹 Mother cut up the meat to make meat balls for us.

12. do up do with do away with do in
1. do up 束起, 重新整修, 收拾齐整, 包好 Do up your bed, your bag and you trousers. We will start soon.
2. do with 利用, 忍受 What can we do with these waste bags?
3. do away with 废除, 弄死 The unfair rule must be done away with at once.
4. do in 欺骗 Mrs. Smith was done in by three cheats who claimed that they were collecting money for orphans.
13. get down get down to get in get off get on get on with get out get over get through get to get up
1. get down (从. . . )下来, 吞下, 写下, 使沮丧 A second failure in getting down the pills got her down.
2. get down to 开始认真考虑 After we got home, we got down to planning the birthday party.
3. get in 进入, 收获, 插入, 陷入 At this moment, the farmers are busy getting in their rice.
4. get off 下来, 脱下, 出发, 动身, 开始 Get your hat off and we will get off for the school soon.
5. get on 生活, 融洽相处, 进展, (使)前进 How are you getting on? I’m getting on well with both my classmates and study.
6. get on with 继续做 He stopped to read a passage, and then got on with his homework.
7. get out 出去, 离开, 逃脱, 泄露, 摆脱 It seems usual that a secret gets out after certain rumors.
8. get over 爬过, 克服, 恢复 Xiao Wang got over both the language difficulties and his disease.
9. get through 做完, 打通 I tried to call Mr. Li, but I couldn’t get through.
10. get to 到达, 接触到 Edgar Snow got to Yanan in 1936.
11. get up 起床, 站起来 Mrs. Smith is used to getting up late because she has never been eating breakfast at all.
14. give away give in give out give up
1. give away 送掉, 分发, 出卖 Miss Gao had several English dictionaries, one of which was given away.
2. give in 投降, 屈服, 让步 You’re not beaten yet. Don’t give in so easily.
3. give out 分发, 发出(气味、热等), 用尽, 精疲力竭 The long journey made our energy give out.
4. give up 放弃(念头、希望等), 停止 The thief was too tired to escape, and he had to give himself up.
15. go by go for go in for go back on go into go off go on go out go over go round go up
1. go by (从. . . 旁)走过, 依照, 顺便走访 In my childhood I usually felt that time went by very slowly.
2. go for 去找, 努力获取 The young mother hurried out to go for the doctor for her sick baby.
3. go in for 参加, 追求, 从事, 赞成 Most girls do not go in for football.
4. go back on 背弃 You promised to let me have that. You can’t go back on your word now.
5. go into 进入, 加入, 探究 Please don’t spend too much time going into the details of the story.
6. go off 离开, 去世, 消失 The pain in my left hand seems to be going off.
7. go on 继续下去, 发生, 进行 “What’s going on now?” The man went on telling the story, “he is going on to ask for the girl’s hand.”
8. go out 出去, 熄灭 Make sure all the lights have gone out when you go out.
9. go over (渡过. . . )转变, (对. . . 进行)仔细检查, 润色, 复习 I will go over to Liping’s and go over the lessons with him.
10. go round 到处走动, 顺便去, 流传 When he went around, he found the scandal had been gone round widely.
11. go up 上升, 增长, 被兴建起来 With the economy going up, more skyscrapers will go up in the large cities.

16. hand in hand out hand over
1. hand in 交上 All the homework must be handed in before 5 p.m.
2. hand out 把. . . 拿出来, 分发, 施舍 The student on duty should help hand out the exercise books.
3. hand over 移交 People doubted whether the Americans would hand over the sovereignty completely at the end of June.
17. hold on hold out hold up
1. hold on 继续, 不挂断 She told the speaker to hold on while she was going to call the man he wanted to speak to.
2. hold out 伸出, 提供, 维持, 阻止 The supplies of food can hold out for four months.
3. hold up 举起, 支撑, 阻挡, 拦截 Traffic in this street is often held up in the rush hour because it is too narrow.
18. look after look at look down on(upon) look for look out look forward to look into look up look up to look through
1. look after 寻求, 照顾, 关心 The patients seemed well looked after in that hospital.
2. look at 看, 考虑, 着眼于 I used to look at the stars at summer night.
3. look down on 轻视, 看不起 蔑视 People from others countries are looked down on by them.
4. look for 寻找, 期待 The teacher told me that my son was always looking for trouble at school.
5. look out 留神 Look out, or you will hurt yourself.
6. look forward to 期望 期待,盼望 We are looking forward to seeing you next month.
7. look into 调查，浏览, 观察 I’m sorry, but I will look into your complaint at once.
8. look up 向上看, 尊敬, 仰望, 查找 He managed to look the writer’s name up in Who’s Who.
9. look up to 尊敬,仰望 Pupils should be taught to look up to their parents.
10. look through 看穿, 审核, 浏览, 温习 I often look through the titles to see if there is something interesting in the newspaper.
19. make for make out make up
1. make for (尤指匆匆地)走向, 有利于, 倾向于 Early rising makes for good health.
2. make out 书写, 填写, 理解, 辨认出 I can’t make out what you mean.
3. make up 弥补, 虚构, 和解, 化妆 After making up, she set about making up a story which would be made up of five event. The story would make up for the loss she suffered in the accident.

20. pick out pick up
1. pick out 挑选 She picked out a new dress for her daughter at the department store.
2. pick up 捡起, 获得, 收到，用车接人，使恢复精神, 随便地认识, 加速 The medicine he picked up in the chemist’s helped him pick up. He got into the car and picked up the speed. He turned on the radio which picked up BBC. He was going to pick his brother up at the airport.

21. put in put off put on put out put up put up with
1. put in 放进, 插入, 进入 Put in the missing words.
2. put off 推迟, 使不愉快, 搪塞, 脱掉 The message that the meeting would be put off put him off.
3. put on 穿上, 装出, 假装, 增加, 表演 As he had put on weight, he found it hard to put on the trousers to put on the performance. He put on a smile and said it didn’t matter.
4. put out 熄灭，放出, 伸出, 生产 The fire was put out before it reached the wooden bridge.
5. put up 举起, 留宿, 提名, 建议 He put up his hands to put up the idea that they could put the guest up in the hotel.
6. put up with 忍受, 容忍 We can’t put up with your rudeness.

22. run into run for run out run out of
1. run into 跑进, 撞上, 偶遇, 陷入, 达到 When I ran into the bookstore, I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for ages!
2. run for 竞选, 赶快去请 They are running for the presidency.
4. run out 跑出, 离开, 完成, 被用完 The money is running out. Can you run out and borrow some for me?
5. run out of 用完 We have run out of rice.

23. see off see to see through
1. see off 送行 No one was there to see him off.
2. see to 负责, 注意 This bicycle needs seeing to. You must see to it that it’s safe to ride.
3. see through 看穿, 识破 He tried to play a trick on me, but I saw him through finally.

24. set down set off set up set out
1. set down 放下, 把. . . 归于, 击败, 制定 Would you mind setting me down at the next bus stop?
2. set off 出发, 动身, 使爆炸 The terrorists set off for the building and set off the bomb.
3. set up 设立, 竖立, 架起, 升起 The workers have set up their new machines well.
4. set out 出发, 开始 We set out to finish the design the moment we got to the office.

附六：有无冠词意义不同的短语：
1. at table 在进餐时 at the table 坐在桌旁
2. a knife and fork 刀叉 a knife and a fork 一把刀子和一把叉子
3. by hand 手工做的 by the hand 挽着手
4. by day 在白天 by the day 按天计算
5. by sea 乘船 by the sea在海滨
6. in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在医院
7. in front of 在……的前面 in the front of 在……的前部
8. in secret 秘密地，暗地里 in the secret 知道内情
9. in place of 代替 in the place of 在……的地方
10. in red 身穿 in the red 赤字，亏损
11. in case of 万一 in the case of 就……来说，至于
12. in word 口头上，表面上 in a word 总之
13. have words with 与……争吵 have a word with 与……说句话
14. make beds 造床 make the bed 整理床铺
15. keep house 管理家务 keep the house 守在家里，居家不外出
16. in sight of 看得见 in the sight of 从……的观点来看
17. in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由……负责
18. take place 发生 take the place 取代
19. of age 成年 of the age 同龄
20. out of question 不成问题 out of the question 根本不可能

附七：单数形式与其复数形式含义不同的词：
1. advice 劝告 advices 消息
2. age 年龄 ages 很久
3. arm 手臂 arms 武器
4. brain 大脑 brains 智力
5. cloth 布料 clothes 衣服
6. condition 条件 conditions 环境
7. color 颜色 colors 旗帜
8. content 内容 contents 目录
9. custom 风俗 customs 海关
10. force 力量 forces 军队
11. feeling 感觉 feelings 感情，心情
12. glass 玻璃 glasses 眼睛
13. good 利益 goods 商品，货物
14. green 绿色 greens 蔬菜
15. letter 字母 letters 文学
16. look 看 looks 外表
17. manner 方式 manners 礼貌
18. pain 痛苦 pains 辛苦
19. paper 纸 papers 论文，文章，文件
20. return 归还 returns 长寿
21. regard 尊重 regards问候
22. sand 沙子 sands 沙滩
23. spirit 精神 spirits 情绪
24. short 短，短片 shorts 短裤
25. time 时间 times 时代
26. work 工作 works 作品，工厂
27. water 水 waters 水域
28. wood 木头 woods 树林

附八：　含介词to的常用短语：
look forward to 盼望 belong to 属于
refer to 指的是 prefer … to 宁愿……而不是
give way to 对……让步 find one’s way to 设法到达
be equal to 等于 devote oneself to 致力于
get down to 着手做 see to 照料，处理
be opposed to 反对 lead to 导致
object to 反对 be open to 愿意接受
stick to 坚持 be sentenced to 被判刑
be used to 习惯于 turn to 求助于
give rise to 引起 reduce to 减少到
pay attention to 注意 help oneself to 自顾，随便吃

附九 部分英汉短语词序置比较

1. 同汉语位置相同的短语
aches and pains痛苦 affable and kind和善
ancient and modern古今 arts and science文理
bag and baggage提包和行李 black and white黑白
brothers and sisters兄妹 bow and arrow弓和箭，
crack and roar咆哮 cup and saucer杯子碟子
fair and square公正 far and away远离
far and near远近 first and foremost首先
first and last先后 fish and chips炸鱼和薯条
free and easy轻松自在 friend and foe朋友和敌人
forward and backward 前后 fun and pleasure娱乐
wife and children妻子和儿童 good or ill好歹(善恶)
great and small大小 hale and hearty健壮
hand an foot手脚 head and shoulder头与肩
heart and soul心灵 heaven and earth天地
heavy and light重轻 high and low高低
hill and dale山谷 home and abroad 国内外
horse and cart马车 house and home家居
hue and cry喊叫 husband and wife夫妻
in and out进出 whole and all全体
import and export进出口 internal and external内外
judge and jury法官与陪审团, king and queen国王与皇后
ladies and gentlemen女士与先生 knife and pork刀叉
kith and kin亲戚 land and sea陆海
law and order治安 lean and lanky瘦长
leaps and bounds跳跃 light and shade光阴
long and short长短 lord and lady贵族与小姐
male and female男女 man and woman男女
sweet and sour糖醋 more or less或多或少
mother and child母子 null and void无效
odds and ends零碎 officers and soldiers官与兵
old and trial久经考验 Oxford and Cambridge牛津剑桥
out and away出走 past and present过去与现在
weight and measures重量与尺寸 pick and choose选择
pots and pans坛坛罐罐 profit and loss盈亏
pros and cons正反 right and wrong正误
rough and tumble杂乱 rules and regulations规章制度
true or false真假 safe and sound安全
short and sweet少而精 skin and bone皮包骨
slow and sure慢而准 sooner and later早晚
sports and games运动与游戏 stocks and shares股票
stuff and nonsense胡说八道 tea and coffee清茶和咖啡
then and there当时当地 thick and thin厚薄
this and that这那 thunder and light雷电
time and tide岁月 to and fro来回
town and country乡村 twists and turns曲折
up and down上下 ups and downs盛衰
come and go 来去 poems and essays 诗文

2. 同汉语的位置不相同的短语
back and forth前后 bed and breakfast食宿
cap and gown(coat)衣帽 fire and water水火
flesh and blood骨肉 heat and cold冷热
heavy and light轻重 iron and steel钢铁
land and water水陆 love and money金钱与爱情
might and main主力 night and day白昼
north and south南北 off and on开关
old and grey苍老 old and new新旧
one and only唯一 pen and paper纸和笔
rain or shine阴晴 rich and poor,穷富
right and left左右 sword and shield剑与盾
twos and threes三三两两 you and I你我
young and old老少 pin and needle针毯
part and parcel重要部分 give and take合作与让步
mock and satire 讽刺嘲笑 rain and wind 风雨

附十 主要国家及其相关信息

国家 country Capital person related adjectives
阿富汗 Afghanistan Kabul Afghan Afghan
阿尔及利亚 Algeria Algiers Algerian Algerian
阿根廷 Argentina Buenos Aires Argentinean Argentinean
澳大利亚 Australia Canbera Australian Australian
奥地利 Austria Vienna Austrian Austrian
比利时 Belgium Brussels Belgian Belgian
巴西 Brazil Brazilia Brazilian Brazilian
英国 Britain/U.K. London British British
加拿大 Canada Ottawa Canadian Canadian
中国 China Beijing Chinese Chinese
哥伦比亚 Colombia Bogota Colombian Colombian
古巴 Cuba Havana Cuban Cuban
丹麦 Denmark Copenhagen Dane Danish
埃及 Egypt Cairo Egyptian Egyptian
芬兰 Finland Helsinki Finn Finnish
法国 France Paris French French
德国 Germany Berlin German German
希腊 Greece Athens Greek Greek
荷兰 Holland Amsterdam Dutch Dutch
匈牙利 Hungary Budapest Hungarian Hungarian
印度 India New Deli Indian Indian
印度尼西亚 Indonesia Jakarta Indonesian Indonesian
伊朗 Iran Teheran Iranian Iranian
伊拉克 Iraq Baghdad Iraqi Iraqi
爱尔兰 Ireland Dublin Irish Irish
以色列 Israel Jerusalem Israeli Israeli
意大利 Italy Rome Italian Italian
日本 Japan Tokyo Japanese Japanese
约旦 Jordan Amman Jordanian Jordanian
肯尼亚 Kenya Nairobi Kenyan Kenyan
朝鲜 D.P.R.Korea Pyongyang Korean Korean
科威特 Kuwait Kuwait Kuwaiti Kuwaiti
黎巴嫩 Lebanon Beirut Lebanese Lebanese
卢森堡 Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourgian Luxembourgish
马来西亚 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Malaysian
墨西哥 Mexico Mexico City Mexican Mexican
荷兰 Netherland Amsterdam Dutch Dutch
新西兰 New Zealand Wellington New Zealander Zealanian
挪威 Norway Oslo Norwegian Norwegian
巴基斯坦 Pakistan Islambad Pakistani Pakistani
巴拿马 Panama Panama City Panamanian Panamanian
菲律宾 Philippines Manila Filipino Philippine
波兰 Poland Warsaw Polish Polish
葡萄牙 Portugal Lisbon Portuguese Portuguese
俄罗斯 Russia Mosco Russian Russian
新加坡 Singapore Singapore City Sing